Performance evaluation of cassava genotypes (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) at Gamo Zone, South Ethiopia

Abstract

Five cassava genotypes were evaluated over two consecutive years at two sites in the Gamo zone of the South Ethiopia Region to assess their overall root yield and identify the best-performing varieties. The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The F-test was carried out to examine the consistency of error variances, revealing that the error variances were not homogeneous; therefore, we analyzed the data separately for each site. The analysis of variance conducted over two years at the Dembile Otora site revealed significant differences between genotypes concerning yield and related parameters, with the exceptions being stem girths and root girth, where varieties showed notable differences, and stand count at harvest, which did not exhibit significant variation among varieties. The varieties Hawassa 4 and Chichu produced the highest total root yields per hectare, achieving 61.25 and 54.48 tons per hectare, respectively. In contrast, the variety Qulle produced the lowest total root yield per hectare, measuring 39.71 tons per hectare. The analysis of variance conducted over two years at the Fudale site revealed significant differences among genotypes regarding yield and related parameters, except stand count at harvest, where varieties exhibited significant differences. The variety Hawassa 4 had the highest total root yield per hectare (51.95 tons), followed closely by Chichu (43.66 tons). Hawassa 4 and Chichu had yield advantages of 55% and 30% respectively, over the local check, while the varieties Kello and Qulle showed no yield advantage compared to the local check. The findings indicate that both Hawassa 4 and Chichu achieved superior root yields relative to the local check at both tested sites. Consequently, these varieties are suggested for pre-extension demonstration within the area and similar agro-ecological zones.