Genetic basis of quantitative traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) multi-parent populations based on skewness and kurtosis: Genetic basis of quantitative traits in chilli

Channabasava; Chindi Basavaraj Siddu; Prasad Ganesh; Balaraju Susmitha; Mugali Pundalik Kalpana; Annabathula Mohan Rao; Sampangi Ramesh

doi:10.25081/josac.2025.v34.i1.9776

Authors

Channabasava Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Chindi Basavaraj Siddu Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Prasad Ganesh Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Balaraju Susmitha Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Mugali Pundalik Kalpana Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Annabathula Mohan Rao Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Sampangi Ramesh Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25081/josac.2025.v34.i1.9776

Keywords:

Genetics, skewness, kurtosis, epistasis

Abstract

The effectiveness of breeding and hence rate of genetic gain in chilli relies on understanding the genetics of target traits. Skewness and kurtosis, the third- and fourth-degree statistics, respectively, provide powerful tools to detect and characterize epistasis and the number of genes controlling traits. This study analyzed the genetics of three quantitative traits—average fruit weight (AFW), fruits plant⁻¹ (FP), and green fruit yield plant⁻¹ (GFY) - in 10 multi-parent (MP)-derived populations. Symmetrical platykurtic distributions in most MP populations indicated the predominance of numerous non-epistatic genes governing AFW, FP, and GFY, suggesting slow genetic gains with mild selection but rapid gains under intense selection. On contrary, positively skewed distributions in three MP populations indicated complementary epistatic genes with decreasing effects on FP and GFY. Additionally, leptokurtic distributions in two MPs indicated fewer genes controlling AFW and GFY, suggesting even mild selection is likely to be effective to improve these traits.

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Genetic basis of quantitative traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) multi-parent populations based on skewness and kurtosis