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@article{Bindu S1, Guntaka A K1, Patil S M1, Neelgund S E2, Hiremath M B1_2010, title={Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Hypospadias}, volume={2}, url={https://www.updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/view/498}, abstractNote={<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: center 2.75in right 5.5in left 6.25in;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Introduction: Epidemiological studies have elucidated maternal and fetal factors that are associated with an increased risk of hypospadias .This study examined the association of hypospadias risk with several maternal reproductive and demographic characteristics: age, parity, body mass index (BMI), nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, fertility treatments , education and diet .</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: center 2.75in right 5.5in left 6.25in;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Materials and Methods: Mothers of children with hypospadias were invited to participate in this case control study. Participating mothers completed a self administered questionnaire or a social worker administered/assisted questionnaire. Mothers of age matched children without hypospadias acted as controls and they too similarly completed the same questionnaire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: center 2.75in right 5.5in left 6.25in;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Results: The risk factors associated with hypospadias were maternal age, primiparity , previous fertility treatment and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy .</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: center 2.75in right 5.5in left 6.25in;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusions: Increased maternal age, primiparity and previous fertility treatments in mothers are associated with an increased risk of hypospadias in male offsprings.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0in; margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; tab-stops: center 2.75in right 5.5in left 6.25in;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 110%; font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Keywords</span></strong><span style="line-height: 110%; font-family: ";Arial Narrow";,";sans-serif";; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">: Hypospadias, Maternal age, Parity, Fertility, Maternal education, Nausea and vomiting </span></p>}, number={8}, journal={Recent Research in Science and Technology}, author={Bindu S1, Guntaka A K1, Patil S M1, Neelgund S E2, Hiremath M B1, Nerli R B1,2*,}, year={2010}, month={Oct.} }