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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, Litty
AU  - Gupta, Alka
AU  - Gopal, Murali
AU  - ChandraMohanan, R.
AU  - George, Priya
AU  - V. Thomas, George
PY  - 2011/11/27
Y2  - 2025/12/06
TI  - Evaluation of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus spp.  and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. isolated from Theobroma cacao L. for antagonistic reaction to Phytophthora palmivora, the causal organism of black pod disease of cocoa
JF  - Journal of Plantation Crops
JA  - JPC
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SE  - Research Articles
DO  - 
UR  - https://www.updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/JPC/article/view/5919
SP  - 370-376
AB  - &lt;p&gt;Biological control has assumed significance in the research programmes on disease management of cocoa due to the increasing concern on the detrimental effect of agrochemicals on environment and the presence of residues in food products. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp. and fluorescent &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; spp. isolated from cocoa roots and rhizosphere for their antagonistic reaction against &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora palmivora&lt;/em&gt; (Butl.) Butl., causing black pod disease of cocoa. A total of 519 isolates obtained from the rhizosphere and roots of cocoa trees in different locations in South India were evaluated for their antagonistic reaction to &lt;em&gt;P. palmivora&lt;/em&gt;, under &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; conditions on Carrot Dextrose Agar (CDA). Out of the 519 cocoa isolates (359 &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp. and 160 fluorescent &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; spp.), 95 isolates (44 rhizospheric and 45 endophytic &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp; and 6 rhizospheric fluorescent &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; spp.) were found to be antagonistic to &lt;em&gt;P. palmivora&lt;/em&gt;. Four &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp., one from Pollachi (&lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; sp. PSB6) and three from Kasaragod (&lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; sp. KGSB5, &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; sp. KGSB11 and &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; sp. KGSB26) effected a maximum of 57 % mycelial growth reduction of the fungal pathogen. None of the endophytic fluorescent &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; spp., showed antagonism against the black pod pathogen. &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp. isolated from Tamil Nadu showed higher antagonistic potential (48 % of rhizospheric and 76 % of endophytic &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp.) than bacterial isolates obtained from other states. Further studies with these antagonists showed that 35 %, 18 %, and 56 % of the isolates produced siderophore, HCN and antibiotics respectively. The isolates showing antagonistic activity (89 &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; spp. and 6 &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; spp.) against the fungal pathogens can be used in developing bio-control agents.&lt;/p&gt;
ER  -